Principle

No. XIII.3 - Circumstantial evidence

Principal facts may be proven by evidence of facts and/or circumstances from which the existence of those principal facts usually and reasonably follow according to the general experience of life.

Commentary

References

Contract Clauses

Commentary

In application of this Principle, the approval of invoices over the amount claimed may serve as circumstantial evidence for the existence of the claim.

Please cite as: "Commentary to Trans-Lex Principle XIII.3 - Circumstantial evidence, https://www.trans-lex.org/968000"

References

Doctrine

Charles T. Kotuby Jr. / Luke A. Sobota, GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF LAW AND INTERNATIONAL DUE PROCESS - Principles and Norms Applicable in Transnational Disputes, New York NY USA 2017

Cheng, Bin, General Principles Of Law as Applied by International Courts and Tribunals, reprinted, Cambridge 1987

Sandifer, Durward V., Evidence before international Tribunals, Charlottesville1975

Arbitral Awards

ICSID Award, Asian Agricultural Products Ltd. v. The Republic of Sri Lanka, YCA 1991, at 106 et seq.

Iran-US Claims Tribunal, Abrahim Rahman Golshani v. The Government of The Islamic Republic of Iran, YCA 1994, at 421 et seq.

Iran-US Claims Tribunal, Time, Inc. v. Iran, 7 IRAN-U.S. C.T.R. at 8 et seq.

Court Decisions

Melvin C. Foster v Union Starch & Refining Co, 137 N.E.2d 499

People v. Yokum, 145 Cal.App.2d 245

Twin City Fire Ins. Co. v. Lonas, 75 S.W.2d 348

Principles / Restatements

Sourgens, Frédéric G./Duggal, Kabir/Laird,Ian A., Evidence in International Investment Arbitration (2018), Appendix I: Evidentiary Principles in Investor-State Arbitration, atp p. 291 et seq.