Craig, W. Laurence/ Park, William W./ Paulsson, Jan, International Chamber of Commerce Arbitration, 3rd ed., Dobbs Ferry 2000

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"The arbitration clause (Clause 20) is, with small and irrelevant additions, in the form of a standard clause leading to arbitration under the ICC. But that does not mean that it has to receive a standard, or restrictive interpretation. The clause must always be interpreted as part of, and unt the light of, the particular contract in which it appears. [...]12

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The following principles have been applied in ICC arbitration without reference to national law.

640

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(i) Institutional freedom to regulate the conduct of arbitrators

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641

(ii) Freedom to establish rules of procedure

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(iii) Freedom to establish applicable law

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(iv) Arbitrators' authority to rule on their own jurisdiction

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642

(v) A State may nor invoke its internal law to repudiate its agreement to arbitrate

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(vi) Pacta sunt servanda (contracts are to be enforced)

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643

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(vii) Performance and renegotiation in good faith

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645

(viii) Rules of force majeure

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(ix) Conduct may be deemed tacit acceptance of modifications of contract

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646

(x) Ut res magis valeat quam pereat ("so that the thing be held valid rather than perish")

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(xi) The burden of proof of facts alleged to support a claim

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(xii) Disregard of legal nomenclature misused by the parties

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(xiii) Use of goods implies acceptance

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(xiv) Mitigation of damages

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647

(xv) Damages for contractual breach are limited to foreseeable consequences

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(xvi) The availability of setoff or compensation

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648

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(xvii) Estoppel

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649

(xviii) Contracts are unenforceable if their purpose is contrary to international morality

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